In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force across multiple domains of human life, with particularly profound implications for defense and security. This study seeks to examine the evolving nature of warfare and security in the contemporary era by addressing the central question: “How do emerging technologies, particularly artificial intelligence, alter the character of war and reshape military and security strategies?” The research hypothesis suggests that “AI, through big data analytics, rapid decision-making, and the automation of combat systems, enhances the execution of military operations with minimal human involvement and maximum efficiency. However, it simultaneously introduces new risks, including algorithmic errors and the intensification of arms races. “Adopting a qualitative methodology with a descriptive–analytical approach, this study relies on library-based research, drawing upon books, scholarly articles, and specialized reports. The findings reveal that AI is redefining the principles and conduct of warfare by enabling unpredictable threats and destabilizing traditional power balances. Looking forward, “algorithmic warfare” is poised to become the dominant paradigm in military strategy, where victory will no longer be determined solely by the size of armed forces, but by the possession of advanced AI-enabled offensive and defensive systems. Within this context, the twelve-day conflict between Iran and Israel illustrates a clear example of technology-driven modern warfare, in which AI has moved beyond a supporting role to become a central element in the design and management of military operations.