آینده‌پژوهی ریسک اجتماعی در ایران با تکیه بر رویکرد تحلیل لایه‌ای علّی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری جامعه‌شناسی بررسی مسائل اجتماعی ایران، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران.

چکیده

ریسک‌های اجتماعی همواره و در تمامی ادوار تاریخ در زندگی انسان نقشی اساسی داشته‌اند، اما در دوران معاصر نگرش افراد جامعه به ریسک‌های اجتماعی دچار تحول عظیمی شده است و نقش این ریسک‌ها در حوزه‌های زیسته اعضای جامعه غیرقابل انکار است، بر همین اساس ایجاد نگرشی صحیح درباره آینده ریسک‌های اجتماعی ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. هدف پژوهش حاضر آینده‌پژوهی ریسک اجتماعی با اتخاذ نگاهی به افق 20 ساله جامعه ایران است، جامعه آماری این پژوهش متشکل از 12 نفر از خبرگان فرهنگی و اساتید دانشگاهی بوده است، برای گردآوری یافته‌ها از ابزار مصاحبه باز استفاده شده است. بعد از انجام مصاحبه با خبرگان، از طریق تحلیل تماتیک، مقوله‌های اصلی و فرعی از مصاحبه‌ها استخراج شده و با استفاده از روش تحلیل لایه‌ای علی، ابعاد و مؤلفه‌های یافته‌ها در چهار سطح لیتانی، علل اجتماعی، گفتمان و جهان‌بینی و اسطوره و استعاره شناسایی شدند. نتایج حاصل از این پژوش نشان داد که در افقی 20 ساله ریسک‌های اجتماعی در حوزه‌های مختلف تشدید خواهد شد و استعاره و اسطوره‌هایی چون «پی همه چیز را به تن مالیدن»، «هنر کردن»، «قمارباز» و «دل به دریا زدن» به عنوان مؤلفه‌های اساسی ریسک اجتماعی شناخته شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Smiley face

  1. Asadi, A. Mirzaei, Kh. Ghasemi, Y. Mohseni Tabrizi, A. (2020). Investigating the role of Simai Ilam programs in controlling risk and social vulnerability of young people, Communication Research Quarterly, 28 (4), pp: 101-131. [In Persian] 
  2. Eyvazi, M. (2015). Political Future Research, Strategy Quarterly, 25(79): 177-198.[in Persian]
  3. Ahmadi, H. Dehghani, R. (2014). Opinions and thoughts of Elrich Beck, Social Development Quarterly, 10 (2), 101-126. [In Persian] 
  1. Anbari, M. Haghi, S. (2012). Effects of social risks on women's social vitality, Rural Development Quarterly, 5 (1), 133-158. [In Persian] 
  1. Brown, P; Calnan, M (2012). Trusting on the Edge: Managing University and Vulnerability in the Midst of Serious Mental Health Problems, Bristol: Policy Press.
  2.  Beck, E. (2019). risk society; Towards New Modernity, translated by Mehdi Farhamandenjad and Reza Fazel, second edition, Tehran: Sales publication. [In Persian] 
  3. Beck, U (2009). Critical Theori of World Risk Society A Cosmopolitan Vision, Journal Constellations, V(16), N(1), pp: 3-22.
  4. Burchinal, M; Robert, E; Zeisel, S; Hennon, E; Hooper, S (2016). Social Risk and Protective Child, Parenting and Child care Factors in Early Elemetory School Years, Journal sctence and Practice, V(6), N(1), pp: 79-123.
  5. Bell, W (2011). Foundations of Futures Studies: Human Science for a new Era: Values, Objectivity and the God Society, London: Transaction Publishers.
  6. Bernstein, P (1996). Against the Gods: The Remarkable Story of risk, New York: John wiley and sons.
  7. Brubaker, R (1984). The limits of Rationality: An Essay on the social and Maral thought of Max Weber, London: Allen and unwin.
  8. Cruwys, T; Greenway,K; Ferris,L (2021). When Trust Goes worng: A Social Identity Model of Risk Taking, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, http:// doi: 10.103/pspi0000243.
  9. Cruwys, I; Greenway, K; Ferris, L; Rathbon, J; Saeri, A; William, E; Parker, S; Chang, M; Croft, V; Bingley, W; Gyace, L (2020). When trust is a liability: A social identity model of risk taking, Journal of personality and social psychology. http:// doi:10.1037/pspi0000243.
  10. Crawshaw, P; Bunton, R (2009). Logics and Practice in the risk environment Health, Journal Risk and Society, V(11), N(3), pp: 269- 282.
  11. Cottle, S (1998). Ulrich Beck, Risk Society and the media, European Journal of Communication, V(12), N(1), pp: 5- 32.
  12. Douglas, M; Wildaysky, A (1982). Risk and Culture: An Essay on the Selection of Technological and Environmental Dangers, Berkeley: University of California Press.
  13. Elliott, A (2021). Social and Cultural Theory, Abingdo: Routledge.
  14. Flick, U. (2019). An introduction to qualitative research, translated by Hadi Jalili, Tehran: Ney Publishing.[in Persian]
  15. Giddens, A. (2015). The world is slippery, translated by Ali Attaran, Tehran: Parse.[in Persain]
  16. Giddens, A. (2007). The Abandoned World, translated by Ali Asghar Saeedi and Yusuf Haji Abdul Wahab, Tehran: Science of Science and Literature.[in Persian]
  17. Ghaffari, Gh. Hosseini, M. (2014). Rereading the experience of social policies regarding children's risks in contemporary Iran, Sociological Studies Quarterly, 22(2), 177-209.[in Persian]
  18. Ghasemi, M. (2009). Risk society and its importance for risky society, strategic studies quarterly, 12(3), pp: 27-46.[in Persian]
  19. Habibi, Gh. (2014). Methodological Insight, Tehran: Ketab Hameh Publishing. [In Persian] 
  20. Holzmann, R; Jorgensen, S (2001). Social Risk Management: A new conceptual framework for social protection and beyond, Journal International tax and public finance, V(8), PP: 529-556.
  21. Inayatullah, S (1998). Causal Layered Analysis: Post structuralism as method, Journal Futures, V(30), N(8): pp: 815- 829.
  22. Jalaipour, H. Mohammadi, J. (2014). Late theories of sociology, Tehran: Ney publishing. [In Persian] 
  23. Japp, K; Kusche, I (2008). Systems theory and risk, Oxford: Blackwell.
  24. Kaslow, N; Wyckoff, S; Bender, M; Price, W; Thompson, N (2005). Social Risk and Protective Factors for Suicide Attempts in Low Income African-American Men and Women, Journal suicide and life- threatening Behavior, V(35), N(4), pp: 400-412.
  25. Khosravi, M. Miremadi, T. (2018). Layers of the future and the problem of formulating human actions: investigating the epistemic foundations of the causal layer analysis method, Iran Future Studies Quarterly, 4(1), pp: 101-116. [In Persian] 
  26. Kitschelt, H; Rehm, P (2004). New Social risk and Political Preferences, Paper Prepared for delivery at the 14th International Conference of Europeanists organized by the council for European studies, March 11- 13, Chicago.
  27. Langlois, R; Cosgel, M (1993). Frank knight on , uncertainty and the firm: A new interperetation, Journal Economic Inquiry, V(31), pp: 456- 465.
  28. Luhmann,N (1993). Risk: A Sociological theory, New York: Aldine Gruyter.
  29. Mahmoudi, N. Bahmanpour, H. Basami, T. (2009). Investigating factors affecting students' risk-taking, Applied Sociology Quarterly, 21(38), pp: 35-56.[in Persian]
  30. Mythen, G (2008). Sociology and the art of risk, Journal Sociology compass, V(2), N(1), pp: 299-316.
  31. Ng, Y; Ysng, Z; Vishwanath, A (2018). To fear or not fear? Applying the social amplification of risk framework on two environmental health risks in singapor, Journal of risk research, V(21), N(12),pp: 1487-1501.
  32. Nash, K. (2018). Contemporary Political Sociology: Globalization, Politics and Power, translated by Mohammad Taghi Delfrooz, 16th edition, Tehran: Nash Kavir.[in Persian]
  33. Qadiri Masoum, M. Hajipour, Mohammad; Karagozlu, H. Joranbayan, M. (2015). Analysis of the role of social capital in risk-taking and entrepreneurship of rural youth: a case study of Tenkabon city, Rural Research and Planning Quarterly, 5(4), 17-31.[in Persian]
  34. Reghhi, M. Nakhai Moghadam, Z. (2019). The effect of communication channels on word of mouth advertising with the mediation of social risk and the rapid dissemination of information and the moderation of brand self-instrumentation, The Quarterly Perspective of Business Management, 19(42) pp: 110-128.[in Persian]
  35. Ritzer, G. (2014). Sociological theory in the contemporary era, translated by Mohsen Talasi, Tehran: Scientific Publications. [in Persian]
  36. Schmid, G (2005). Social risk management through transitional labour markets, Journal Socio- Economic, V(4), N(1), p: 1-33. http://doi10.1093/SER/mwj029.
  37. Tsoy, D; Tirasawasdichai, T; Kurpayanidi, K (2021). Role of Social Media in shaping public Risk Perception during Covid-19 Pandmic: A Theoretical Review, International Journal of Management Science and Business Admini Stration, V(7), N(2), pp: 35-41.
  38. Yan, Y (2020). Food safety and Social Risk in Contemporary China, Journal of Asian Studies, V(71), N (3), pp: 705-729.
  39. Zinn, J (2008). Risk Society and reflexive modernization, Oxford: Blackwell.